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(i) Write the equation showing the individual bonds. (ii) Calculate the total energy required to break all the bonds in the reactant molecules. Breaking 1 mole C=C: 1 (+ 612) = + 612 kJ Breaking 4 mole C-H: 4 (412) = + 1648 kJ Breaking 1 mole H-Cl: 1 (431) = + 431 kJ Total energy required = + 2691 kJ (iii) Calculate the total energy released when bonds in product molecule are formed. Forming 1 mole C-C: 1(- 348) = - 348 kJ Forming 5 moles C-H: 5(- 412) = - 2060 kJ Forming 1 mole C-Cl: 1(-x) = - x kJ Total energy released = - 2408 - x (iv) Equate the sum of (ii) and (iii) with the heat of reaction (heat of reaction given in question = - 55 kJ) 2691 - 2408 - x = - 55 x = 338 kJ E (C-Cl) = 338 kJ (i) Write the equation showing the individual bonds. (ii) Energy required: Breaking 1 mole C=C: 1(+ 612) = + 612 kJ Breaking 4 mole C-H: 4(412) = + 1648 kJ Breaking 1 mole H-Br: 1(366) = + 366 kJ Total energy required = + 2626 kJ (iii) Energy release Forming 1 mole C-C: 1(- 348) = - 348 kJ Forming 5 moles C-H: 5(- 412) = - 2060 kJ Forming 1 mole C-Br: 1(-x) = -x kJ Total energy released= -2408 - x (iv) Equate 2626 - 2408 - x = - 58 x = + 276 kJ E (C-Br) = 276 kJ Bromine has a greater atomic radius than chlorine giving an increased bond length. |